By Derek Shiell, Director Engineering, Verizon Media, and Harkeerat Bedi, Senior Manager — Research, Verizon Media
The need to balance compute power with latency has made edge computing a hot topic, fueled in part by the emergence of the 5G Edge, which promises ultra-low latency. The 5G Edge’s <10 ms of latency is foundational to enable virtual reality, the Internet of Things (IoT), and autonomous vehicles. Without edge computing, these functionalities would be seriously constrained.
While 5G Edge is making rapid strides forward, content delivery networks (CDN) have enabled edge compute use cases for many years, offering massive network capacity and just milliseconds of latency to virtually every connected device and internet user on the planet. CDNs are well established and have proven to be highly effective at delivering large flows of content at scale. The Verizon Media Platform, for example, offers 120+ Tbps of egress capacity and is deeply peered with more than 5,500 last-mile networks, providing global scale, performance and security. …
By Muhammad Rehman, VP & Head of Product — Delivery, Security and Compute, Verizon Media
Demand for video streaming, gaming, telehealth, real-time inferencing and other applications has skyrocketed. Computing at the “CDN Edge” can provide enterprises with a high-performing, reliable, low-latency solution that is just 10–25 ms away from internet users in major U.S. metros. A centralized cloud architecture meets many of today’s use-case requirements for performance and Quality of Experience (QoE), but emerging use-cases demand much more. …
By John Bowers, Senior Software Engineer, Verizon Media, and Nate Cahoon, Product Manager, Verizon Media
Digital rights management (DRM) is an industry standard that gives content owners options for protecting premium content. An effective DRM solution must work with the vast majority of playback devices, integrate easily into the workflow, and appear transparent to users. If it can support advanced features like offline playback, so much the better. While DRM may not be a top priority for many streaming service operators, its impact on the viewer’s playback experience can’t be an afterthought.
The goal with any DRM system is to ensure that video content is stored and transmitted in an encrypted form so that only authorized users and devices can play content back. DRM is often misunderstood to be little more than AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) 128-bit encryption layered on a streaming platform. In reality, DRM is a complete system for managing content access. DRM provides the secure distribution of encryption and decryption keys coupled with backend licensing servers that add functions such as policy control to prevent playback on unauthorized hardware and offline playback control. …
Nabil Kanaan Principal Product Manager, Video, Verizon Media
and Terri Allegretto, Product Marketing Manager, Verizon Media
As streaming video services mature and proliferate, so does the consumer expectation for flawless video delivery. Multi-CDN is a technique initially created to improve the viewer experience by dynamically balancing workloads across different CDN providers. But multi-CDN also has the potential to expose information that unlocks new possibilities in how, when, and why streams are delivered through different providers.
Some of these variables include CDN price commitments and preferences, content (live vs. VOD), device type, geographical footprint, and ISP. When the multi-CDN platform can evaluate and control CDN selection using these commitments and preferences, providers are able to deliver the best quality video and improve accuracy, reduce false positives, and make decisions that optimize for cost and quality. …
Harkeerat Bedi, Research Scientist, Verizon Media, and Scott Yeager, Software Engineer, Verizon Media
Live sports are exciting to watch. Especially during pivotal moments, like when a shot comes out of nowhere to win the game. These moments can also be exciting for the technical team responsible for delivering fluid, real-time action. Live sports streams, which must balance a number of technical considerations and trade-offs, average around 30 seconds behind the live game on the field. Why the delay?
While content delivery networks are essential, they cannot reduce the latency caused by other parts of the video workflow. For example, latency is added from the moment of ingest when an image is converted into a signal. The raw signal then must be converted into a compressed format and transmitted to the video processing center, usually off-site and often in the cloud, which can be impacted by available bandwidth and infrastructure. Next comes the work of transcoding and packaging the content for various devices and bandwidths. Finally, as the stream is playing, advertising may be dynamically inserted into the stream just before it moves through the last mile of the Internet to the viewer’s device. It’s here that the player buffers, decodes, decompresses, and renders the final video segment. That’s a lot of steps in between the team’s game-winning goal and the content delivery network. And they can add up, especially when it has to happen for millions of viewers all at once. …
Colin Rasor, Director of Traffic and Performance Management, Verizon Media
Quality streaming of video depends on millions of things going right, such as managing a constantly fluctuating workload or dealing with “flash crowds” when large numbers of viewers enter a stream at the same time. It’s why delivering a reliable, high-quality video stream as part of a paid service — where viewers expect a TV-like experience — requires tools and metrics to finely articulate performance challenges so you can know where and how to fix issues.
CDNs are an indispensable solution in video streaming because they provide low-latency scalability on-demand around the world. In addition to the optimizations that enhance the way the CDN balances the chaotic audience growth that can accompany a live stream, delivering great performance to the end user requires an additional layer of visibility, metrics, tools, and automation. …
Harkeerat Bedi, Research Scientist, Verizon Media, and Scott Yeager, Software Engineer, Verizon Media
To keep up with the growing volume of media content, the Verizon Media Platform has invested in expanding our global cache footprint. In 2019 alone, we added more than 25 Tbps of capacity, added seven global PoPs, and close to 900 last-mile connections. While effective at improving performance, raw capacity by itself is not enough, nor is it a sustainable business model for meeting the ever-growing global demand for streaming content.
To maximize the availability of our network capacity, we invest equally in technologies, processes, and tools that keep operational and infrastructure costs in check. Our research team continually pushes the boundary of caching technologies, applying and refining processes to give our network operators granular control over how, when, and where content is cached. …
By Katherine Merrick, Principal Product Manager
The Flash Crowd and Your Live Stream
As streaming services battle for a limited number of viewers and shrinking attention spans, live events, which are a proven driver of audience engagement, have become an important factor in a publisher’s content strategy. However, as much as live streaming can reliably deliver audiences, reliably streaming live events at scale comes with a set of challenges. Content delivery networks (CDNs) can help provide scalability on-demand; however, even the CDNs themselves must be optimized for live streaming.
Perhaps the most obvious live streaming challenge is the “flash crowd” — this phenomenon occurs when many viewers enter into a live stream at once — hungry to catch the kickoff or overtime action. Following typical audience behavior that we’ve observed by streaming more than 100,000 sporting events, during the NBA finals game 6, viewership grew rapidly from almost nothing at tipoff to a peak of 2.04 million viewers in the 3rd quarter. Viewership jumped from less than 10,000 sessions to over 1 million in the first hour and another 1.5 million after halftime, at times adding upwards of 100,000 new viewers per minute. This kind of rapid scale puts pressure on any CDN. But delivering live video is even more challenging. …
By Carlos Rojas, Director of Live Event Operations
Today’s streaming technologies can help you deliver your sporting event with broadcast quality — even if you aren’t a major broadcaster with a big budget. However, there’s much more to live sports streaming than buying the latest camera and encoder. Here are 5 tips to help you stream your next live sports event like a pro.
#1 Encode the live stream for reliability and quality
Many mainstream sporting event broadcasters transmit the camera signals from the venue to an offsite encoding facility served by a satellite or fiber connection. This setup comes with high-quality transmission facilities that can be used to create a geo-redundant architecture for maximum resiliency — but this quality comes with a cost. …
By Paul Rigor, Ph.D., Research Scientist, and Harkeerat Bedi, Ph.D., Research Scientist
The Future of Threat Management
Machine learning offers a unique opportunity to automate security research and stay ahead of application security threats. In this article, we’ll share our research into applying neural networks on production traffic data, as well as some ideas for future applications. By applying predictive analysis techniques to incoming requests to our platform, we’re developing new ways to detect, analyze, and mitigate malicious traffic.
Incorporating the output of the machine learning algorithms into our WAF product allows us to create a more robust threat detection system, enabling more accurate detection of malicious traffic toward our platform. Coupled with the flexibility of a Dual WAF platform, we can quickly incorporate these insights directly into a production configuration for a customer’s live traffic to help mitigate threats. Machine learning helps us develop agile threat detection and mitigation systems that are ready to grow to respond to emerging threats. …
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